成本与费用表述Cost and expense
当cost做名词时,意思是“价格;代价;原价;花费;成本”,如:at cost照原价;prime(first, initial) cost生产成本;at a cost of…以……的费用;free of cost免费。此外,它还有“诉讼费用”,“损失、损害;(时间、劳力等方面的)牺牲;痛苦”等意思。如:at great cost of life牺牲许多人的生命;at a heavy cost损失惨重;at sb.'s cost某人出钱;at any cost不惜任何代价;I know it to my cost.这个我是吃了很大苦头才明白的。在表示“花费”时,它常常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。如:The cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一场电影要花七美元。一般说来,“cost”有一个强调“付出代价而获得”的意思在里面,expense则没有,它主要是指做某事所需要的钱,像current expenses日常开支;selling expenses销售费用;travelling expenses旅费等等。要注意的是这里的expense作复数用,意为“开支,经费”,如:His parents will provide him with financial support to cover his expenses during his stay abroad.(他的父母将向他提供经济资助以支付他在国外的费用。)而在固定词组“at one's expense”或“at the expense of”中“expense”只能用单数,意为“归…付费(或负担)”、“在损害(或牺牲)…的情况下”。如:They were all entertained at the company's expense.(由公司出钱款待他们。) They had a laugh at my expense.(他们取笑了我。)BLUE的填空是个固定词组,应该是“the cost of living”,可译为“生活开销”,(有本书的书名就是这个,译为“生存的代价”),这也可用“the living expenses”来表示,在英语国家,这两种用法都很普遍。此外,在现实生中,各种“费用”还有其他各种不同的表达法,下面列出了一些以作参考:admission “入场费” admission by ticket only凭票入场charge“原价、要价” 常用复数,主要用于一次性劳务所收取的费用,如服务费、行李超重费、旅馆费等等。如:What are the charges in the hotel?这家旅馆收费多少?fare“旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用” 如:All fares, please.(公共汽车售票员用语)请买票。fee“医生、律师或其它专门职业的佣金及会费、手续费、停车费等” 如:My lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars. 我的律师的佣金是每小时130美元。freight“运费,指海运、空运、陆运的费用” 如:Who will pay the freight on this order?谁支付这批定货的运费?postage“邮费” 如:How much postage do I need to send this package?寄这个包裹须付多少钱?rent“土地、建筑物、房舍、机器等定期的租费” 如:The student owed three months' rent for my house.那学生欠我三个月的房租。tip“小费” 如:I gave my barber a fat tip.我给理发师优厚的小费。toll“道路、桥梁、港口、市场的捐税、通行费及电话费等” 如:This month I had to pay 200 yuan toll call.这个月我要缴200元的电话费。tuition“学费” 如:John took out a loan to pay his tuition.约翰贷款交付学费
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