戴明語錄（6）

懇請捐血（A Plea for Blood )






在血液銀行裡有兩種血──好血和壞血。Dr. Burchell（我的醫師），用了三份好血在我身上，他說，壞血是最後別無選擇時才用。像是你、我的朋友這種人能夠提供好血，這是單從血的來源來看。如果是來自經常捐血以換取酬勞的捐血者，則血液幾乎是像捐血者本人一樣地相當依靠接受清洗；如果我對Dr. Burchell瞭解無誤。






換句話說，好血來自朋友和他們的朋友，用錢買不到──它是非賣品，此處我們或許曲解了一些醫學用語，但Dr. Burchell的觀點十分明確，他和其他外科醫師都需要好血，任何血型都會拿來做替換。






簡言之，我欠了三品脫的好血，報償的方法只有一種，而金錢是辦不到的。過去我並沒有珍惜這些關鍵性的要求；或許這項懇求，能使我的朋友們去捐血。



(There are two kinds of blood in the blood bank, good and bad. Dr. Burchell used three units of good blood on me. Bad blood, he said, is a last resort. People like my friends and your friends can give good blood, and that is about the only source thereof. Blood from a regular donor that takes pay for it is almost dependably pretty well washed up. like the donor himself, if I understand Dr. Burchell correctly.



In other words, good blood comes from friends and from their friends. Money can not buy it: it is not for sale. I may have garbled some of the medical language here, but Dr. Burchell’s point was very clear. He and other surgeons need good blood. Any type will do as replacement.



In short, I owe three pints of good blood, and there is only one way to repay them. Money won’t do it. I had not appreciated these critical requirements. Maybe this plea will bring friends to offer blood.)






釋義：好的來源，品質自然好。能用錢買到的未必是好貨，出自真誠的奉獻常有好品質。好人要主動多做好事。






生產力(Productivity)






持續不斷的改進生產與服務的系統以改進品質和生產力，如此可持續降低成本。



( Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to Improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.)






釋義：降低成本與提昇生產力是相輔相成，可併行不悖。






利潤(Profits)(1)






不要依賴短期的利潤來衡量系統是否健全，利潤通常無法顯示出管理之未來表現。藉少做研究與延緩維修，可輕易地顯示出較高的利潤，但受難的是系統。



(Don’t depend on short-term profits as a measure of a system’s health. They often don’t point to future performance of management. It’s easy to report a higher profit by reducing research and postponing maintenance. But the system suffers.)






釋義：只注重短期好看的公司報表利潤數字，常會以犧牲公司長遠利益為代價。






利潤(Profits)(2)






帳面利潤不會使餅變大，他們給你一片比較大塊的，你是多拿了別人的份，對社會並沒有什麼幫助。



(Paper profits do not make the pie bigger. They give you a bigger piece. You take it from somebody else. It doesn’t help the society.)






釋義：近期的帳面利潤可能只是其他支付延遲的結果，故對社會無實質助益。






利潤(Profits)(3)






紅利和帳面利潤—通常是判斷財務經理和公司首腦的準繩—並不會改進一公司或是美國工業的競爭地位。帳面利潤不足以謀生；品質與生產力之改進則可；他們的貢獻，是可以改進世界各地人類的物質生活。






(Dividends and paper profits, the yardstick by which managers of money and heads of companies are judged, do not improve the competitive position of a company or of American Industry. Paper profits do not make bread: improvement of quality and productivity do. They make a contribution to better material living for all people. Here and everywhere.)






釋義：較佳之物質生活水準，來自經營者不斷提昇其產品的品質與生產力，因深受顧客信賴而產生彼此雙贏的局面。



　



保護主義(Protectionism)(1)






依賴關稅和法律的保護，讓人們〝買美國貨〞只會鼓勵無能。



(Dependence on protection by tariffs and laws to “buy American” only encourages incompetence.)






釋義：在政府保護傘下生存的企業，必缺乏競爭力，猶如寵物無法自行謀生。






保護主義(Protectionism)(2)






如果我國一些製造商能夠憑著其努力與人競爭，少花點時間遊說提高關稅或降低貿易配額，他們或許可以較不必擔心日本的競爭，而且可以帶給我們其他人一些更好的品質及較低的價格。許多人說，他們相信企業自由競爭，但他們所指的通常是其他人的競爭，而不是與自己的競爭。



( If some manufacturers in my own country would meet competition with effort, and spend less time on lobbies to boost tariffs and to lower trade quotas. they might have less to worry about Japanese competition and could give some of the rest of us the benefit of better quality and lower prices. Many people say that they believe in free enterprise in competition, but what they often mean is competition for the other fellow, not for themselves.)






釋義：不靠政府保護的公平競爭，能驅使企業加強經營能力從事與他人競爭，進而與自己競爭。






保護主義(Protectionism)(3)






現在以我自己為例，我相信自由貿易，我不怕日本統計學家、英國統計學家、法國統計學家或任何其他統計學家，如果他們之中有誰做得較好，那我們該做的是到他那兒去，或把他帶回我國，找出他是如何做的。我不知道有任何統計學家游說團，企圖把外國統計學家排除在外，我們能將他們引進越多，我們會做得越好。






(Now in my own case, I believe in free enterprise, and I am not afraid of Japanese statisticians, English statisticians, French statisticians, or any others. If one of them is doing a better job, then the thing to do is to go over there, or bring him to my own country, and find out how he does it. I don’t know of any statistician’s lobby to try to keep out foreign statisticians. The more of them we import, the better off we are. )






釋義：向競爭者學習或引進有能力的競爭者，與他們合作遠比將他們排除在外來的好。






品質(Quality)(1)






為什麼生產力會隨著品質改進而提昇？較少的重做，沒有那麼多浪費；對生產工人言，品質意指他的工作表現令自己滿意，令他能以工藝為榮。






(Why is it that productivity increases as quality improves? Less rework. Not so much waste. Quality to the production worker means that his performance satisfies him, provides to him pride of workmanship.)






釋義：要鼓勵製造產品的工作人員建立為自己工藝為榮的觀念，第一次就把工作做好，沒有時間與工料的浪費，生產力自然提高。