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戴明語錄(2)

顧客(Customers)(2)






除非是以產品品質的角度來衡量,「價格」才具意義。但這樣還不夠,除非能夠與顧客的需求掛鉤,優良與均一的品質才具意義。






(Price has no meaning except in terms of the quality of the product. But that is not enough. Good and uniform quality have no meaning except with reference to the customer’s needs. )






釋義:凡事均應以顧客為重,應從顧客觀點,製造產品與定價。他指出:「界定品質難在將使用者的未來需要轉換為可量測的特性,依此從事產品設計,再產生顧客願意付的價格」 。






教育(Education)(1)






我發現一般人對教育的恐懼;人們害怕選課,因為可能選得不對,我的忠告是先選它,其後再找出何者是適切的。你不會知道什麼可能用得上,或可能會需要什麼。一心想著必須務實的人不會做得長久,誰曉得什麼叫做務實?協助人們從事改進,我是指「每個人」。



I find a general fear of education. People are afraid to take a course. It might not be the right one. My advice is take it. Find the right one later. . . .You never know what could be used, what could be needed. He that thinks he has to be practical is not going to be here very long. Who knows what is practical? Help people to improve. I mean everybody.






釋義:接受教育,充實智能,從事改進,才是務實之道,戴明指出:「要取得競爭地位的優勢,就必須紮根於知識...每個人都有責任重建西方工業,我們也都需要新的教育,管理者更必須重新學起」。






教育(Education)(2)






為每人建立有活力的教育與自我改進方案。



(Institute a vigorous programme of education and self-improvement for everyone.)






釋義:領導者要能引導所屬人員學習,並為他們建立不斷學習的環境與與提供所需資源。






訓練(Training)






建立在職訓練制度。



(Institute training on the job.)






釋義:用新觀念、新方法執行員工在職訓練工作,訓練工作要先從管理階層做起,訓練的內容要看重在瞭解從進料到交貨給客戶的每一「過程」及其「變異」,教導員工工作所需的工具與技術,使他們能運用新技術、新工具來解決工作上的問題。






評估(Evaluation)






我們大多認為,若是我們不評估你,你就不會受到激勵而把工作做得更好;所以我們查問你、衡量你,將你與他人比較並試圖為你排列名次。取而代之的是,我們需要提昇自尊,樂在工作並以我們所做的為傲,因此我們應鼓勵人們創新,對工作有所貢獻。如果我們摧折你,你便是被羞辱了,而為你排列名次就是在摧折你。



(Most of us assume that if we don’t evaluate you, you won’t be motivated to work better. So we interview and measure you, compare you to others, and try to place you in a ranking. Instead we need to promote self-esteem, joy in work and pride in what we do, so that we encourage people innovate and contribute to the job. If we destroy you, you are humiliated. Ranking you destroys you. )






釋義:系統與人員間的互動有效性,影響工作績效的程度可達90%-95%,人在系統中工作,不能改變系統,但卻要以此考核他的績效,並據以排列名次,不是很不公平嗎?「尊重個人」是戴明理念中最重要的一項,故有不宜予以衡量評等之看法。






恐懼(Fear)(1)






恐懼造成極大的折損。它無處不在,奪去人們的驕傲,傷害他們,剝奪他們對公司奉獻的機會,很難相信當你不放鬆恐懼時會發生什麼事。



(Fear takes a horrible toll. Fear is all around, robbing people of their pride, hurting them, robbing them of a chance to contribute to the company. It is unbelievable what happens when you unloose fear.)






釋義:員工只有處在有安全感的工作環境,才會有好的工作表現。恐懼會使人因怕犯錯而怯於任事,或怕受責而掩過飾非,因而限制了他們發揮潛能的機會,除非員工對他的工作有安全感,否則必難賣命工作。






恐懼(Fear)(2)






凡有恐懼之處,就會有錯誤數字。






(Where there is fear, there will be wrong figures.)






釋義:為害怕受到責難,人們常會用假數字來掩飾真相,逃避責任。






改進 (Improvement) (1)






執行一項試驗的唯一理由是改進過程,改進品質與下次的運作數量或是次年的收穫。在科學與工業方面的重要問題是「如何」以及「在何種條件下」,觀測值會對是否改變過程以達成改進所做的理性決策有所貢獻。因此,觀測記錄必須包含任何人可能需要用來做預測的所有資訊。



(The only reason to carry out a test is to improve a process, to improve the quality and quantity of the next run or of next year’s crop. Important questions in science and industry are how and under what conditions observations may contribute to a rational decision to change or not to change a process to accomplish improvement. A record of observations must accordingly contain all the information that anyone might need in order to make his own prediction.)






釋義:改進過程是重點,好的過程才會產生好品質、好產量的結果,做好它要靠完備的觀測記錄,使負責改進者知「如何」改,以及「在何種條件下」改。







改進 (Improvement) (2)






一個健康的,運作良好的公司是處於最佳地位改進它的管理、產品與服務,如此可以對他自己的經濟福祉以及我們其他人有所貢獻,況且它也是最有義務要改進者。事實上,一個獨佔事業最有可能年年從事不斷改進,而且它也肩擔追求改進的最大義務;一個艱困的公司只能想著如何存活。



(A company that is healthy, doing well, is in excellent position to improve management, product, and service, thus to contribute to the economic welfare of itself and to the rest of us, and moreover has the greatest obligation to improve. A monopoly is in fact in the best possible position to improve year by year, and has the greatest obligation to do so. A company that is on the rocks can only think of survival.)






釋義:改進時機最好在企業處於最佳情況時為之,不能等到組織經營狀況惡化時才做,那是像救火,智者不取,要在組織體質佳時做,這是防火,智者當為。



 



改進 (Improvement) (3)






「滅火」並非改進。找出失控點,找出特殊肇因並將之去除,只是將過程帶回它原先所在的位置,並不是過程的改進。



(Putting out fires is not improvement. Finding a point out of control, finding the special cause and removing, is only putting the process back to where it was in the first place. It is not improvement of the process.)






釋義:消除失控點只是治標,改進要以設計與過程為重,對品質或系統作持續改進,才是治本之道。
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