语法透析

:col:.
) A simple sentence has one clause, beginning with a noun group called the subject. The subject is the person
or thing that the sentence is about. This is followed by a verb group, which tells you what the subject is doing,
or describes the subject’s situation.
简单句包含一个句子，由名词做主语，是与句子有关的人物或事物，动词做谓语，描述主语的行为或状态。
例如：1）The girl screamed. 那女孩惊叫起来。
2) The verb group may be followed by another noun group, which is called the object. The object is the person or
thing affected by the action or situation.
谓语动词后面可跟名词短语构成宾语，宾语是主语动作的承受者或状态的结果。
例如：1） He opened the car door. 他打开车门。
2）She married a young engineer. 她嫁给一个年轻的工程师。
3) After link verbs like “be”, “become”, “feel” and “seem”, the verb group may be followed by a noun group or an
adjective, called a complement. The complement tells you more about the subject.
系动词如“be” “become” “fell” “seem”后面可跟名词短语或形容词构成表语，表语是对主语的补充说明。
例如：1）She was a doctor. 她曾是个医生。
2）He was angry. 他生气了。
4) The verb group, the object, or the complement can be followed by an adverb or a prepositional phrase, called an
adverbial. The adverbial tells you more about the action or situation, for example how, when, or where it happens.
Adverbials are also called adjuncts.
谓语动词，宾语或表语都可跟副词或介词短语，构成状语，补充说明行为或状态，例如方式，时间和地点。
状语也称修饰语。
例如：1）They shouted loudly. 他们大声喊叫。
2）He was a policeman in Birmingham. 他曾在伯明翰当警察。
5) The word order of a clause is different when the clause is a statement, a question, or a command.
陈述句，疑问句和祈使句的语序各不相同。
例如：1）He speaks English very well. (statement) 他讲英语很流利。（陈述）
2）Did she win at the Olympics? (question) 她在奥运会比赛中赢了没有？（疑问）
3）Stop her. (command) 阻止她。（命令）