TA的首页塑膠材料
PA6 聚酰胺6或尼龙6
典型应用范围:由于有很好的机械强度和刚度被广泛用于结构部件。由于有很好的耐磨损特性，还用于制造轴承。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：由于PA6很容易吸收水分，因此加工前的干燥特别要注意。如果材料是用防水材料包装供应的，则容器应保持密闭。如果湿度大于0.2%，建议在80C以上的热空气中干燥16小时。如果材料已经在空气中暴露超过8小时，建议进行105C，8小时以上的真空烘干。熔化温度：230~280C，对于增强品种为250~280C。模具温度：80~90C。模具温度很显著地影响结晶度，而结晶度又影响着塑件的机械特性。对于结构部件来说结晶度很重要，因此建议模具温度为80~90C。对于薄壁的，流程较长的塑件也建议施用较高的模具温度。增大模具温度可以提高塑件的强度和刚度，但却降低了韧性。如果壁厚大于3mm，建议使用20~40C的低温模具。对于玻璃增强材料模具温度应大于80C。注射压力：一般在750~1250bar之间（取决于材料和产品设计）。注射速度：高速（对增强型材料要稍微降低）。流道和浇口:由于PA6的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。化学和物理特性:PA6的化学物理特性和PA66很相似，然而，它的熔点较低，而且工艺温度范围很宽。它的抗冲击性和抗溶解性比PA66要好,但吸湿性也更强。因为塑件的许多品质特性都要受到吸湿性的影响，因此使用PA6设计产品时要充分考虑到这一点。为了提高PA6的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。对于没有添加剂的产品，PA6的收缩率在1%到1.5%之间。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使收缩率降低到0.3%（但和流程相垂直的方向还要稍高一些）。成型组装的收缩率主要受材料结晶度和吸湿性影响。实际的收缩率还和塑件设计、壁厚及其它工艺参数成函数关系。
PA 6 Generic Class
PA 6 (Polyamide 6, or Nylon 6, or Polycaprolactam)
Applications
Used in many structural applications because of its good mechanical strength and rigidity. It is used in bearings because of its good wear resistance.
Injection Molding processing conditions
Drying
Since PA 6 absorbs moisture readily, care should be taken to ensure its dryness prior to molding. If the material is supplied in watertight packaging, the containers should be kept closed. If the moisture content is >0.2%, drying in a hot air oven at 80 C (176 F) for 16 hours is recommended. If the material has been exposed to air for more than 8 hours, vacuum drying at 105 C (221 F) for more than 8 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
230 - 280 C (446 - 536 F); 250 - 300 C (482 - 572 F) for reinforced grades
Mold Temperature
80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F). Mold temperature significantly influences the crystallinity level which in turn affects the mechanical properties. For structural parts, a high degree of crystallization is required and mold temperatures of 80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F) are recommended. High mold temperatures are also recommended for thin-wall parts with long flow lengths. Increasing the mold temperature increases the strength and hardness, but the toughness is decreased. When the wall thickness is greater than 3 mm, a cold mold is recommended (20 - 40 C / 68 - 104 F), which leads to a higher and more uniform. degree of crystallinity. Glass reinforced resins are always processed at mold temperatures greater than 80 C (176 F).
Resin Injection Pressure
Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi) (depends on material and product design)
Injection Speed
High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)
Runners and Gates
The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.
Chemical and Physical Properties
The molecular structure of polyamides consist of amide (CONH) groups joined by linear aliphatic sections (based on methylene groups). The toughness, rigidity, crystallinity, and thermal resistance of polyamide resins are due to the strong interchain attraction caused by the polarity of the amide groups. The CONH groups also cause a lot of moisture absorption.
Nylon 6 is produced by polymerization of caprolactam. The chemical and physical properties are similar to that of PA 66. However, its melting point is lower than PA 66 and it has a wider processing temperature range. Its impact strength and solvent resistance are better than PA 66, but its moisture absorption is higher. Many properties are affected by moisture absorption, which must be taken into account when designing with this resin. Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used fillers. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.
For unfilled grades, shrinkage is of the order of .01 - .015 mm/mm (1 - 1.5%). Addition of glass fibers reduce the shrinkage to as low as 0.3% in the flow direction (but could be as high as 1% in the cross-flow direction). The post-molding shrinkage is affected mainly by the crystallinity level and moisture absorption. The actual shrinkage is a function of part design, wall thickness, and processing conditions.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultramid B), DuPont (Zytel), DSM (Akulon)
ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物
典型应用范围:汽车（仪表板，工具舱门，车轮盖，反光镜盒等），电冰箱，大强度工具（头发烘干机，搅拌器，食品加工机，割草机等），电话机壳体，打字机键盘，娱乐用车辆如高尔夫球手推车以及喷气式雪撬车等。
注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：ABS材料具有吸湿性，要求在加工之前进行干燥处理。建议干燥条件为80~90C下最少干燥2小时。材料温度应保证小于0.1%。熔化温度：210~280C；建议温度：245C。模具温度：25…70C。（模具温度将影响塑件光洁度，温度较低则导致光洁度较低）。注射压力：500~1000bar。注射速度：中高速度。
化学和物理特性:ABS是由丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种化学单体合成。每种单体都具有不同特性：丙烯腈有高强度、热稳定性及化学稳定性；丁二烯具有坚韧性、抗冲击特性；苯乙烯具有易加工、高光洁度及高强度。从形态上看，ABS是非结晶性材料。三中单体的聚合产生了具有两相的三元共聚物，一个是苯乙烯-丙烯腈的连续相，另一个是聚丁二烯橡胶分散相。ABS的特性主要取决于三种单体的比率以及两相中的分子结构。这就可以在产品设计上具有很大的灵活性，并且由此产生了市场上百种不同品质的ABS材料。这些不同品质的材料提供了不同的特性，例如从中等到高等的抗冲击性，从低到高的光洁度和高温扭曲特性等。ABS材料具有超强的易加工性，外观特性，低蠕变性和优异的尺寸稳定性以及很高的抗冲击强度。
ABS Generic ClassABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)
Typical Applications
Automotive (instrument and interior trim panels, glove compartment doors, wheel covers, mirror housings, etc.), refrigerators, small appliance housings and power tools applications (hair dryers, blenders, food processors, lawnmowers, etc.), telephone housings, typewriter housings, typewriter keys, and recreational vehicles such as golf carts and jet skis.
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
ABS resins are hygroscopic and drying is required prior to processing. Suggested drying conditions are 80 - 90 C (176 - 195 F) for a minimum of 2 hours. Resin moisture content should be less than 0.1%
Melt Temperature
200 - 280 C (392 - 536 F); Aim: 230 C (446 F)
Mold Temperature
25 - 80 C (77 - 176 F). (Mold temperatures control the gloss properties; lower mold temperatures produce lower gloss levels)
Resin Injection Pressure
500 - 1,000 bar (7,250 - 14,500 psi)
Injection Speed
Moderate - high
Chemical and Physical Properties
ABS is produced by a combination of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Each of the monomers impart different properties: hardness, chemical and heat resistance from acrylonitrile; processibility, gloss, and strength from styrene; and toughness and impact resistance from butadiene. Morphologically, ABS is an amorphous resin.
The polymerization of the three monomers produces a terpolymer which has two phases: a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The properties of ABS are affected by the ratios of the monomers and molecular structure of the two phases. This allows a good deal of flexibility in product design and consequently, there are hundreds of grades available in the market. Commercially available grades offer different characteristics such as medium to high impact, low to high surface gloss, and high heat distortion.
ABS offers superior processibility, appearance, low creep and excellent dimensional stability, and high impact strength.
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Magnum grades), GE Plastics (Cycolac), Bayer (Lustran), BASF (Terluran), Chi Mei (Polylac), LG Chemical (Lupos), Cheil Synthesis.
PA66 聚酰胺66或尼龙66
典型应用范围:同PA6相比，PA66更广泛应用于汽车工业、仪器壳体以及其它需要有抗冲击性和高强度要求的产品。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：如果加工前材料是密封的，那么就没有必要干燥。然而，如果储存容器被打开，那么建议在85C的热空气中干燥处理。如果湿度大于0.2%，还需要进行105C，12小时的真空干燥。熔化温度：260~290C。对玻璃添加剂的产品为275~280C。熔化温度应避免高于300C。模具温度：建议80C。模具温度将影响结晶度，而结晶度将影响产品的物理特性。对于薄壁塑件，如果使用低于40C的模具温度，则塑件的结晶度将随着时间而变化，为了保持塑件的几何稳定性，需要进行退火处理。注射压力：通常在750~1250bar，取决于材料和产品设计。注射速度：高速（对于增强型材料应稍低一些）。流道和浇口:由于PA66的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。化学和物理特性:PA66在聚酰胺材料中有较高的熔点。它是一种半晶体-晶体材料。PA66在较高温度也能保持较强的强度和刚度。PA66在成型后仍然具有吸湿性，其程度主要取决于材料的组成、壁厚以及环境条件。在产品设计时，一定要考虑吸湿性对几何稳定性的影响。为了提高PA66的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。PA66的粘性较低，因此流动性很好（但不如PA6）。这个性质可以用来加工很薄的元件。它的粘度对温度变化很敏感。PA66的收缩率在1%~2%之间，加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以将收缩率降低到0.2%~1% 。收缩率在流程方向和与流程方向相垂直方向上的相异是较大的。PA66对许多溶剂具有抗溶性，但对酸和其它一些氯化剂的抵抗力较弱。
PA 66 Generic Class
PA 66 (Polyamide 66, or Nylon 66, or poly (hexamethylene adipamide))
Applications
Competes with PA 6 for most applications. PA 66 is heavily used in the automotive industry, appliance housings, and generally where impact resistance and strength are required.
Injection Molding Processing conditions
Drying
Drying is not required if the material is sealed prior to molding; however, if the containers are left open, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) is recommended. If the moisture content is > 0.2%, vacuum drying at 105 C (220 F) for 12 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
260 - 290 C (500 - 554 F); 275 - 280 C (527 - 536 F) for glass filled grades; melt temperatures above 300 C (572 F) should be avoided
Mold Temperature
80 C (176 F) suggested. Mold temperature affects crystallinity level which in turn affects physical properties. In the case of thin walled parts, crystallinity changes with time if mold temperatures of less than 40 C (104 F) are used. In such cases, annealing may be needed to retain dimensional stability.
Resin Injection Pressure
Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi), depends on material and product design
Injection Speed
High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)
Runners and Gates
The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.
Chemical and physical properties
PA 66 homopolymer is produced by the polymerization of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid (a dibasic acid). Among commercially available polyamides, PA 66 has one of the highest melting points. It is a semicrystalline-crystalline material. The resins have strength and stiffness which is retained at elevated temperatures. It does absorb moisture after molding, but the retention is not as much as in the case of PA 6. Moisture absorption depends on the composition of the material, wall thickness, and environmental conditions. Dimensional stability and properties are all affected by the amount of moisture absorption which must be taken into account for product design.
Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used filler. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.
The viscosity is low and therefore, it flows easily (but not as easily as PA 6). This allows molding of thin components. The viscosity is very sensitive to temperature. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.01 - 0.02 mm/mm (1 - 2%). Addition of reinforcing glass fibers reduces the shrinkage to 0.2 - 1%. Differential shrinkage in the flow and cross-flow directions is quite high. Mineral fillers yield more isotropic moldings. PA 66 is resistant to most solvents but not to strong acids or oxidizing agents.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultramid A), DuPont (Minlon - mineral reinforced grades; Zytel), Monsanto (Vydyne), DSM (Akulon).
PVC （聚氯乙烯）类别名:PVC （聚氯乙烯）
典型应用范围:
供水管道，家用管道，房屋墙板，商用机器壳体，电子产品包装，医疗器械，食品包装等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：通常不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：185~205C
模具温度：20~50C
注射压力：可大到1500bar
保压压力：可大到1000bar
注射速度：为避免材料降解，一般要用相当地的注射速度。
流道和浇口:
所有常规的浇口都可以使用。如果加工较小的部件，最好使用针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口；
对于较厚的部件，最好使用扇形浇口。针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口的最小直径应为1mm；扇形
浇口的厚度不能小于1mm。
化学和物理特性:
刚性PVC是使用最广泛的塑料材料之一。PVC材料是一种非结晶性材料。
PVC材料在实际使用中经常加入稳定剂、润滑剂、辅助加工剂、色料、抗冲击剂及其它添加剂。
PVC材料具有不易燃性、高强度、耐气侯变化性以及优良的几何稳定性。
PVC对氧化剂、还原剂和强酸都有很强的抵抗力。然而它能够被浓氧化酸如浓硫酸、浓硝酸所腐蚀并且也不适用与芳香烃、氯化烃接触的场合。
PVC在加工时熔化温度是一个非常重要的工艺参数，如果此参数不当将导致材料分解的问题。
PVC的流动特性相当差，其工艺范围很窄。特别是大分子量的PVC材料更难于加工（这种材料通常要加入润滑剂改善流动特性），因此通常使用的都是小分子量的PVC材料。
PVC的收缩率相当低，一般为0.2~0.6%。
PPE 聚丙乙烯 类别名:PPE （聚丙乙烯）
典型应用范围:
家庭用品（洗碗机、洗衣机等），电气设备如控制器壳体、光纤联接器等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：建议在加工前进行2~4小时、100C的干燥处理。
熔化温度：240~320C。
模具温度：60~105C。
注射压力：600~1500bar。
流道和浇口:
可以使用所有类型的浇口。特别适合于使用柄形浇口和扇形浇口。
化学和物理特性:
通常，商业上提供的PPE或PPO材料一般都混入了其它热塑型材料例如PS、PA等。这些混合材料
一般仍称之为PPE或PPO。
混合型的PPE或PPO比纯净的材料有好得多的加工特性。特性的变化依赖于混合物如PPO和PS的
比率。混入了PA 66的混合材料在高温下具有更强的化学稳定性。这种材料的吸湿性很小，其
制品具有优良的几何稳定性。
混入了PS的材料是非结晶性的，而混入了PA的材料是结晶性的。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使
收缩率减小到0.2%。这种材料还具有优良的电绝缘特性和很低的热膨胀系数。其黏性取决于
材料中混合物的比率，PPO的比率增大将导致黏性增加。
PP 聚丙烯 类别名:PP （聚丙烯）
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（主要使用含金属添加剂的PP：挡泥板、通风管、风扇等），器械（洗碗机门衬垫、干燥机通风管、洗衣机框架及机盖、冰箱门衬垫等），日用消费品（草坪和园艺设备如
剪草机和喷水器等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：如果储存适当则不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：220~275C，注意不要超过275C。
模具温度：40~80C，建议使用50C。结晶程度主要由模具温度决定。
注射压力：可大到1800bar。
注射速度：通常，使用高速注塑可以使内部压力减小到最小。如果制品表面出现了缺陷，
那么应使用较高温度下的低速注塑。
流道和浇口:
对于冷流道，典型的流道直径范围是4~7mm。建议使用通体为圆形的注入口和流道。所有
类型的浇口都可以使用。典型的浇口直径范围是1~1.5mm，但也可以使用小到0.7mm的浇口。
对于边缘浇口，最小的浇口深度应为壁厚的一半；最小的浇口宽度应至少为壁厚的两倍。
PP材料完全可以使用热流道系统。
化学和物理特性:
PP是一种半结晶性材料。它比PE要更坚硬并且有更高的熔点。
由于均聚物型的PP温度高于0C以上时非常脆，因此许多商业的PP材料是加入1~4%乙烯的无规则共聚物或更高比率乙烯含量的钳段式共聚物。共聚物型的PP材料有较低的热扭曲温度（100C）、低透明度、低光泽度、低刚性，但是有有更强的抗冲击强度。PP的强度随着乙烯含量的增加而增大。
PP的维卡软化温度为150C。由于结晶度较高，这种材料的表面刚度和抗划痕特性很好。
PP不存在环境应力开裂问题。通常，采用加入玻璃纤维、金属添加剂或热塑橡胶的方法对PP进行改性。PP的流动率MFR范围在1~40。低MFR的PP材料抗冲击特性较好但延展强度较低。对于相同MFR的材料，共聚物型的强度比均聚物型的要高。
由于结晶，PP的收缩率相当高，一般为1.8~2.5%。并且收缩率的方向均匀性比PE-HD等材料要好得多。加入30%的玻璃添加剂可以使收缩率降到0.7%。
均聚物型和共聚物型的PP材料都具有优良的抗吸湿性、抗酸碱腐蚀性、抗溶解性。然而，它对芳香烃（如苯）溶剂、氯化烃（四氯化碳）溶剂等没有抵抗力。PP也不象PE那样在高温下仍具有抗氧化性。
POM 聚甲醛 类别名:POM （聚甲醛）
典型应用范围:
POM具有很低的摩擦系数和很好的几何稳定性，特别适合于制作齿轮和轴承。由于它还具有
耐高温特性，因此还用于管道器件（管道阀门、泵壳体），草坪设备等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：如果材料储存在干燥环境中，通常不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：均聚物材料为190~230C；共聚物材料为190~210C。
模具温度：80~105C。为了减小成型后收缩率可选用高一些的模具温度。
注射压力：700~1200bar
注射速度：中等或偏高的注射速度。
流道和浇口:
可以使用任何类型的浇口。如果使用隧道形浇口，则最好使用较短的类型。对于均聚物材料
建议使用热注嘴流道。对于共聚物材料既可使用内部的热流道也可使用外部热流道。
化学和物理特性:
POM是一种坚韧有弹性的材料，即使在低温下仍有很好的抗蠕变特性、几何稳定性和抗冲击
特性。POM既有均聚物材料也有共聚物材料。均聚物材料具有很好的延展强度、抗疲劳强度，但不易于加工。共聚物材料有很好的热稳定性、化学稳定性并且易于加工。无论均聚物材料还是共聚物材料，都是结晶性材料并且不易吸收水分。
POM的高结晶程度导致它有相当高的收缩率，可高达到2%~3.5%。对于各种不同的增强型材料有不同的收缩率。
PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 类别名:
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（信号灯设备、仪表盘等），医药行业（储血容器等），工业应用（影碟、灯光散射器)，日用消费品（饮料杯、文具等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PMMA具有吸湿性因此加工前的干燥处理是必须的。建议干燥条件为90C、2~4小时。
熔化温度：240~270C。
模具温度：35~70C。
注射速度：中等
化学和物理特性:
PMMA具有优良的光学特性及耐气侯变化特性。白光的穿透性高达92%。PMMA制品具有很低的双折射，特别适合制作影碟等。
PMMA具有室温蠕变特性。随着负荷加大、时间增长，可导致应力开裂现象。PMMA具有较好的抗冲击特性。
PMMA Generic Class
PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate)
Typical Applications
Automotive (signal light devices, instrument panels, etc.), medical (blood cuvettes, etc.), industrial (video discs, lighting diffusers, display shelving, etc.), consumer (drinking tumblers, stationery accessories, etc.)
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
PMMA is hygroscopic and must be dried prior to molding. Drying at 90 C (194 F) for 2-4 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
240 - 280 C (460 - 536 F)
Mold Temperature
35 - 80 C (90 - 176 F)
Injection Speed
Moderate
Chemical and Physical Properties
Pellets for injection molding are made either by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate followed by extrusion and pelletization or by polymerization in an extruder. Formulations vary by molecular weight and physical properties such as flow rate, heat resistance, and toughness. Higher molecular weight grades are tougher than lower molecular weight grades. High flow formulations are generally preferred for molding.
Heat deflection temperature under load varies from 75 C (167 F) for high flow materials to 100 C (212 F) for low flow (high molecular weight) materials.
PMMA has excellent optical properties and weatherability. The white light transmittance is as high as 92%. Molded parts can have very low birefringence which makes it ideally suited as a material for video discs.
PMMA exhibits room temperature creep. The initial tensile strength is high but under long term, high stress loading, it exhibits stress craze. Impact strength is good but it does show some notch sensitivity.
Major Manufacturers
Cyro Industries, Atohaas (Plexiglas), BASF, Mitsubishi Rayon.
PEI 聚乙醚
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（发动机配件如温度传感器、燃料和空气处理器等），电器及电子设备（电气联结器、印刷电路板、芯片外壳、防爆盒等），产品包装，飞机内部设备，医药行业（外科器械、工具壳体、非植入器械）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PEI具有吸湿特性并可导致材料降解。要求湿度值应小于0.02%。建议干燥条件为150C、4小时的干燥处理。
熔化温度：普通类型材料为340~400C；增强类型材料为340~415C。
模具温度：107~175C，建议模具温度为140C。
注射压力：700~1500bar。
注射速度：使用尽可能高的注射速度。
化学和物理特性:
PEI具有很强的高温稳定性，既使是非增强型的PEI，仍具有很好的韧性和强度。因此利用PEI优越的热稳定性可用来制作高温耐热器件。PEI还有良好的阻燃性、抗化学反应以及电绝缘特性。
玻璃化转化温度很高，达215C。PEI还具有很低的收缩率及良好的等方向机械特性。
PC/ABS 聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和混合物
典型应用范围:计算机和商业机器的壳体、电器设备、草坪和园艺机器、汽车零件（仪表板、内部装修以及车轮盖）。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：加工前的干燥处理是必须的。湿度应小于0.04%，建议干燥条件为90~110C，2~4小时。熔化温度： 230~300C。模具温度：50~100C。注射压力：取决于塑件。注射速度：尽可能地高。化学和物理特性:PC/ABS具有PC和ABS两者的综合特性。例如ABS的易加工特性和PC的优良机械特性和热稳定性。二者的比率将影响PC/ABS材料的热稳定性。PC/ABS这种混合材料还显示了优异的流动特性。
PC 聚碳酸酯
典型应用范围:
电气和商业设备（计算机元件、连接器等），器具（食品加工机、电冰箱抽屉等），交通运输行业（车辆的前后灯、仪表板等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PC材料具有吸湿性，加工前的干燥很重要。建议干燥条件为100C到200C，3~4小时。加工前的湿度必须小于0.02%。熔化温度：260~340C。模具温度：70~120C。注射压力：尽可能地使用高注射压力。注射速度：对于较小的浇口使用低速注射，对其它类型的浇口使用高速注射。
化学和物理特性:
PC是一种非晶体工程材料，具有特别好的抗冲击强度、热稳定性、光泽度、抑制细菌特性、阻燃特性以及抗污染性。PC的缺口伊估德冲击强度（otched Izod impact stregth）非常高，并且收缩率很低，一般为0.1%~0.2%。PC有很好的机械特性，但流动特性较差，因此这种材料的注塑过程较困难。在选用何种品质的 PC材料时，要以产品的最终期望为基准。如果塑件要求有较高的抗冲击性，那么就使用低流动率的PC材料；反之，可以使用高流动率的PC材料，这样可以优化注塑过程。
PC Generic Class PC (Polycarbonate)
Typical Applications
Electronic and business equipment (computer parts, connectors, etc.), appliances (food processors, refrigerator drawers, etc.), transportation (head lights, tail lights, instrument panels, etc.).
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
PC resins are hygroscopic and pre-drying is important. Recommended drying conditions are 100 - 120 C (212 - 248 F) for 3 to 4 hours. Moisture content must be less than 0.02% prior to processing.
Melt Temperature
260 - 340 C (500 - 644 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Mold Temperature
70 - 120 C (158 - 248 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Fill Pressure
As high as possible for rapid molding
Injection Speed
Slow injection speeds when small or edge gates are used; high speeds for other types of gates
Chemical and Physical Properties
Polycarbonate is a polyester of carbonic acid. All general-purpose polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A. The bisphenol A component of the molecule contributes to the high glass transition temperature (150 C / 302 F). The rotational mobility of the carbonyl group within the molecule contributes to the high ductility and toughness of the resin.
PC is an amorphous engineering resin with exceptionally good impact strength, heat resistance, clarity, sterilizability, flame retardancy, and stain resistance. The notched Izod impact strength of PC is very high and mold shrinkage is low and consistent (.1 -.2 mm/mm).
High molecular weight PCs (which translate to low melt flow rate) have higher mechanical properties, but processibility of such resins becomes difficult. The type of PC chosen for a particular application should be based on the desired criteria (for high impact properties, use a low-MFR PC; conversely, for optimal processibility, use a high-MFR PC).
The melt viscosities are typically Newtonian up to shear rates of 1000 1/s and decrease beyond that. The Heat Deflection Temperature Under Load is typically between 130 -140 C (266 - 284 F) and the Vicat Softening Point is typically around 155 C (311 F).
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Caliber), GE Plastics (Lexan), Bayer (Apec, Macrolon), DSM (Xantar), LNP (Lurbricomp, Thermocomp), Mitsubushi Engineering Plastics (Novarex), Teijin Chemical (Panlite).
典型应用范围:由于有很好的机械强度和刚度被广泛用于结构部件。由于有很好的耐磨损特性，还用于制造轴承。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：由于PA6很容易吸收水分，因此加工前的干燥特别要注意。如果材料是用防水材料包装供应的，则容器应保持密闭。如果湿度大于0.2%，建议在80C以上的热空气中干燥16小时。如果材料已经在空气中暴露超过8小时，建议进行105C，8小时以上的真空烘干。熔化温度：230~280C，对于增强品种为250~280C。模具温度：80~90C。模具温度很显著地影响结晶度，而结晶度又影响着塑件的机械特性。对于结构部件来说结晶度很重要，因此建议模具温度为80~90C。对于薄壁的，流程较长的塑件也建议施用较高的模具温度。增大模具温度可以提高塑件的强度和刚度，但却降低了韧性。如果壁厚大于3mm，建议使用20~40C的低温模具。对于玻璃增强材料模具温度应大于80C。注射压力：一般在750~1250bar之间（取决于材料和产品设计）。注射速度：高速（对增强型材料要稍微降低）。流道和浇口:由于PA6的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。化学和物理特性:PA6的化学物理特性和PA66很相似，然而，它的熔点较低，而且工艺温度范围很宽。它的抗冲击性和抗溶解性比PA66要好,但吸湿性也更强。因为塑件的许多品质特性都要受到吸湿性的影响，因此使用PA6设计产品时要充分考虑到这一点。为了提高PA6的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。对于没有添加剂的产品，PA6的收缩率在1%到1.5%之间。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使收缩率降低到0.3%（但和流程相垂直的方向还要稍高一些）。成型组装的收缩率主要受材料结晶度和吸湿性影响。实际的收缩率还和塑件设计、壁厚及其它工艺参数成函数关系。
PA 6 Generic Class
PA 6 (Polyamide 6, or Nylon 6, or Polycaprolactam)
Applications
Used in many structural applications because of its good mechanical strength and rigidity. It is used in bearings because of its good wear resistance.
Injection Molding processing conditions
Drying
Since PA 6 absorbs moisture readily, care should be taken to ensure its dryness prior to molding. If the material is supplied in watertight packaging, the containers should be kept closed. If the moisture content is >0.2%, drying in a hot air oven at 80 C (176 F) for 16 hours is recommended. If the material has been exposed to air for more than 8 hours, vacuum drying at 105 C (221 F) for more than 8 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
230 - 280 C (446 - 536 F); 250 - 300 C (482 - 572 F) for reinforced grades
Mold Temperature
80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F). Mold temperature significantly influences the crystallinity level which in turn affects the mechanical properties. For structural parts, a high degree of crystallization is required and mold temperatures of 80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F) are recommended. High mold temperatures are also recommended for thin-wall parts with long flow lengths. Increasing the mold temperature increases the strength and hardness, but the toughness is decreased. When the wall thickness is greater than 3 mm, a cold mold is recommended (20 - 40 C / 68 - 104 F), which leads to a higher and more uniform. degree of crystallinity. Glass reinforced resins are always processed at mold temperatures greater than 80 C (176 F).
Resin Injection Pressure
Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi) (depends on material and product design)
Injection Speed
High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)
Runners and Gates
The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.
Chemical and Physical Properties
The molecular structure of polyamides consist of amide (CONH) groups joined by linear aliphatic sections (based on methylene groups). The toughness, rigidity, crystallinity, and thermal resistance of polyamide resins are due to the strong interchain attraction caused by the polarity of the amide groups. The CONH groups also cause a lot of moisture absorption.
Nylon 6 is produced by polymerization of caprolactam. The chemical and physical properties are similar to that of PA 66. However, its melting point is lower than PA 66 and it has a wider processing temperature range. Its impact strength and solvent resistance are better than PA 66, but its moisture absorption is higher. Many properties are affected by moisture absorption, which must be taken into account when designing with this resin. Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used fillers. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.
For unfilled grades, shrinkage is of the order of .01 - .015 mm/mm (1 - 1.5%). Addition of glass fibers reduce the shrinkage to as low as 0.3% in the flow direction (but could be as high as 1% in the cross-flow direction). The post-molding shrinkage is affected mainly by the crystallinity level and moisture absorption. The actual shrinkage is a function of part design, wall thickness, and processing conditions.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultramid B), DuPont (Zytel), DSM (Akulon)
ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物
典型应用范围:汽车（仪表板，工具舱门，车轮盖，反光镜盒等），电冰箱，大强度工具（头发烘干机，搅拌器，食品加工机，割草机等），电话机壳体，打字机键盘，娱乐用车辆如高尔夫球手推车以及喷气式雪撬车等。
注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：ABS材料具有吸湿性，要求在加工之前进行干燥处理。建议干燥条件为80~90C下最少干燥2小时。材料温度应保证小于0.1%。熔化温度：210~280C；建议温度：245C。模具温度：25…70C。（模具温度将影响塑件光洁度，温度较低则导致光洁度较低）。注射压力：500~1000bar。注射速度：中高速度。
化学和物理特性:ABS是由丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三种化学单体合成。每种单体都具有不同特性：丙烯腈有高强度、热稳定性及化学稳定性；丁二烯具有坚韧性、抗冲击特性；苯乙烯具有易加工、高光洁度及高强度。从形态上看，ABS是非结晶性材料。三中单体的聚合产生了具有两相的三元共聚物，一个是苯乙烯-丙烯腈的连续相，另一个是聚丁二烯橡胶分散相。ABS的特性主要取决于三种单体的比率以及两相中的分子结构。这就可以在产品设计上具有很大的灵活性，并且由此产生了市场上百种不同品质的ABS材料。这些不同品质的材料提供了不同的特性，例如从中等到高等的抗冲击性，从低到高的光洁度和高温扭曲特性等。ABS材料具有超强的易加工性，外观特性，低蠕变性和优异的尺寸稳定性以及很高的抗冲击强度。
ABS Generic ClassABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)
Typical Applications
Automotive (instrument and interior trim panels, glove compartment doors, wheel covers, mirror housings, etc.), refrigerators, small appliance housings and power tools applications (hair dryers, blenders, food processors, lawnmowers, etc.), telephone housings, typewriter housings, typewriter keys, and recreational vehicles such as golf carts and jet skis.
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
ABS resins are hygroscopic and drying is required prior to processing. Suggested drying conditions are 80 - 90 C (176 - 195 F) for a minimum of 2 hours. Resin moisture content should be less than 0.1%
Melt Temperature
200 - 280 C (392 - 536 F); Aim: 230 C (446 F)
Mold Temperature
25 - 80 C (77 - 176 F). (Mold temperatures control the gloss properties; lower mold temperatures produce lower gloss levels)
Resin Injection Pressure
500 - 1,000 bar (7,250 - 14,500 psi)
Injection Speed
Moderate - high
Chemical and Physical Properties
ABS is produced by a combination of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Each of the monomers impart different properties: hardness, chemical and heat resistance from acrylonitrile; processibility, gloss, and strength from styrene; and toughness and impact resistance from butadiene. Morphologically, ABS is an amorphous resin.
The polymerization of the three monomers produces a terpolymer which has two phases: a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The properties of ABS are affected by the ratios of the monomers and molecular structure of the two phases. This allows a good deal of flexibility in product design and consequently, there are hundreds of grades available in the market. Commercially available grades offer different characteristics such as medium to high impact, low to high surface gloss, and high heat distortion.
ABS offers superior processibility, appearance, low creep and excellent dimensional stability, and high impact strength.
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Magnum grades), GE Plastics (Cycolac), Bayer (Lustran), BASF (Terluran), Chi Mei (Polylac), LG Chemical (Lupos), Cheil Synthesis.
PA66 聚酰胺66或尼龙66
典型应用范围:同PA6相比，PA66更广泛应用于汽车工业、仪器壳体以及其它需要有抗冲击性和高强度要求的产品。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：如果加工前材料是密封的，那么就没有必要干燥。然而，如果储存容器被打开，那么建议在85C的热空气中干燥处理。如果湿度大于0.2%，还需要进行105C，12小时的真空干燥。熔化温度：260~290C。对玻璃添加剂的产品为275~280C。熔化温度应避免高于300C。模具温度：建议80C。模具温度将影响结晶度，而结晶度将影响产品的物理特性。对于薄壁塑件，如果使用低于40C的模具温度，则塑件的结晶度将随着时间而变化，为了保持塑件的几何稳定性，需要进行退火处理。注射压力：通常在750~1250bar，取决于材料和产品设计。注射速度：高速（对于增强型材料应稍低一些）。流道和浇口:由于PA66的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。化学和物理特性:PA66在聚酰胺材料中有较高的熔点。它是一种半晶体-晶体材料。PA66在较高温度也能保持较强的强度和刚度。PA66在成型后仍然具有吸湿性，其程度主要取决于材料的组成、壁厚以及环境条件。在产品设计时，一定要考虑吸湿性对几何稳定性的影响。为了提高PA66的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。PA66的粘性较低，因此流动性很好（但不如PA6）。这个性质可以用来加工很薄的元件。它的粘度对温度变化很敏感。PA66的收缩率在1%~2%之间，加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以将收缩率降低到0.2%~1% 。收缩率在流程方向和与流程方向相垂直方向上的相异是较大的。PA66对许多溶剂具有抗溶性，但对酸和其它一些氯化剂的抵抗力较弱。
PA 66 Generic Class
PA 66 (Polyamide 66, or Nylon 66, or poly (hexamethylene adipamide))
Applications
Competes with PA 6 for most applications. PA 66 is heavily used in the automotive industry, appliance housings, and generally where impact resistance and strength are required.
Injection Molding Processing conditions
Drying
Drying is not required if the material is sealed prior to molding; however, if the containers are left open, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) is recommended. If the moisture content is > 0.2%, vacuum drying at 105 C (220 F) for 12 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
260 - 290 C (500 - 554 F); 275 - 280 C (527 - 536 F) for glass filled grades; melt temperatures above 300 C (572 F) should be avoided
Mold Temperature
80 C (176 F) suggested. Mold temperature affects crystallinity level which in turn affects physical properties. In the case of thin walled parts, crystallinity changes with time if mold temperatures of less than 40 C (104 F) are used. In such cases, annealing may be needed to retain dimensional stability.
Resin Injection Pressure
Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi), depends on material and product design
Injection Speed
High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)
Runners and Gates
The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.
Chemical and physical properties
PA 66 homopolymer is produced by the polymerization of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid (a dibasic acid). Among commercially available polyamides, PA 66 has one of the highest melting points. It is a semicrystalline-crystalline material. The resins have strength and stiffness which is retained at elevated temperatures. It does absorb moisture after molding, but the retention is not as much as in the case of PA 6. Moisture absorption depends on the composition of the material, wall thickness, and environmental conditions. Dimensional stability and properties are all affected by the amount of moisture absorption which must be taken into account for product design.
Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used filler. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.
The viscosity is low and therefore, it flows easily (but not as easily as PA 6). This allows molding of thin components. The viscosity is very sensitive to temperature. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.01 - 0.02 mm/mm (1 - 2%). Addition of reinforcing glass fibers reduces the shrinkage to 0.2 - 1%. Differential shrinkage in the flow and cross-flow directions is quite high. Mineral fillers yield more isotropic moldings. PA 66 is resistant to most solvents but not to strong acids or oxidizing agents.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultramid A), DuPont (Minlon - mineral reinforced grades; Zytel), Monsanto (Vydyne), DSM (Akulon).
PVC （聚氯乙烯）类别名:PVC （聚氯乙烯）
典型应用范围:
供水管道，家用管道，房屋墙板，商用机器壳体，电子产品包装，医疗器械，食品包装等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：通常不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：185~205C
模具温度：20~50C
注射压力：可大到1500bar
保压压力：可大到1000bar
注射速度：为避免材料降解，一般要用相当地的注射速度。
流道和浇口:
所有常规的浇口都可以使用。如果加工较小的部件，最好使用针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口；
对于较厚的部件，最好使用扇形浇口。针尖型浇口或潜入式浇口的最小直径应为1mm；扇形
浇口的厚度不能小于1mm。
化学和物理特性:
刚性PVC是使用最广泛的塑料材料之一。PVC材料是一种非结晶性材料。
PVC材料在实际使用中经常加入稳定剂、润滑剂、辅助加工剂、色料、抗冲击剂及其它添加剂。
PVC材料具有不易燃性、高强度、耐气侯变化性以及优良的几何稳定性。
PVC对氧化剂、还原剂和强酸都有很强的抵抗力。然而它能够被浓氧化酸如浓硫酸、浓硝酸所腐蚀并且也不适用与芳香烃、氯化烃接触的场合。
PVC在加工时熔化温度是一个非常重要的工艺参数，如果此参数不当将导致材料分解的问题。
PVC的流动特性相当差，其工艺范围很窄。特别是大分子量的PVC材料更难于加工（这种材料通常要加入润滑剂改善流动特性），因此通常使用的都是小分子量的PVC材料。
PVC的收缩率相当低，一般为0.2~0.6%。
PPE 聚丙乙烯 类别名:PPE （聚丙乙烯）
典型应用范围:
家庭用品（洗碗机、洗衣机等），电气设备如控制器壳体、光纤联接器等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：建议在加工前进行2~4小时、100C的干燥处理。
熔化温度：240~320C。
模具温度：60~105C。
注射压力：600~1500bar。
流道和浇口:
可以使用所有类型的浇口。特别适合于使用柄形浇口和扇形浇口。
化学和物理特性:
通常，商业上提供的PPE或PPO材料一般都混入了其它热塑型材料例如PS、PA等。这些混合材料
一般仍称之为PPE或PPO。
混合型的PPE或PPO比纯净的材料有好得多的加工特性。特性的变化依赖于混合物如PPO和PS的
比率。混入了PA 66的混合材料在高温下具有更强的化学稳定性。这种材料的吸湿性很小，其
制品具有优良的几何稳定性。
混入了PS的材料是非结晶性的，而混入了PA的材料是结晶性的。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使
收缩率减小到0.2%。这种材料还具有优良的电绝缘特性和很低的热膨胀系数。其黏性取决于
材料中混合物的比率，PPO的比率增大将导致黏性增加。
PP 聚丙烯 类别名:PP （聚丙烯）
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（主要使用含金属添加剂的PP：挡泥板、通风管、风扇等），器械（洗碗机门衬垫、干燥机通风管、洗衣机框架及机盖、冰箱门衬垫等），日用消费品（草坪和园艺设备如
剪草机和喷水器等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：如果储存适当则不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：220~275C，注意不要超过275C。
模具温度：40~80C，建议使用50C。结晶程度主要由模具温度决定。
注射压力：可大到1800bar。
注射速度：通常，使用高速注塑可以使内部压力减小到最小。如果制品表面出现了缺陷，
那么应使用较高温度下的低速注塑。
流道和浇口:
对于冷流道，典型的流道直径范围是4~7mm。建议使用通体为圆形的注入口和流道。所有
类型的浇口都可以使用。典型的浇口直径范围是1~1.5mm，但也可以使用小到0.7mm的浇口。
对于边缘浇口，最小的浇口深度应为壁厚的一半；最小的浇口宽度应至少为壁厚的两倍。
PP材料完全可以使用热流道系统。
化学和物理特性:
PP是一种半结晶性材料。它比PE要更坚硬并且有更高的熔点。
由于均聚物型的PP温度高于0C以上时非常脆，因此许多商业的PP材料是加入1~4%乙烯的无规则共聚物或更高比率乙烯含量的钳段式共聚物。共聚物型的PP材料有较低的热扭曲温度（100C）、低透明度、低光泽度、低刚性，但是有有更强的抗冲击强度。PP的强度随着乙烯含量的增加而增大。
PP的维卡软化温度为150C。由于结晶度较高，这种材料的表面刚度和抗划痕特性很好。
PP不存在环境应力开裂问题。通常，采用加入玻璃纤维、金属添加剂或热塑橡胶的方法对PP进行改性。PP的流动率MFR范围在1~40。低MFR的PP材料抗冲击特性较好但延展强度较低。对于相同MFR的材料，共聚物型的强度比均聚物型的要高。
由于结晶，PP的收缩率相当高，一般为1.8~2.5%。并且收缩率的方向均匀性比PE-HD等材料要好得多。加入30%的玻璃添加剂可以使收缩率降到0.7%。
均聚物型和共聚物型的PP材料都具有优良的抗吸湿性、抗酸碱腐蚀性、抗溶解性。然而，它对芳香烃（如苯）溶剂、氯化烃（四氯化碳）溶剂等没有抵抗力。PP也不象PE那样在高温下仍具有抗氧化性。
POM 聚甲醛 类别名:POM （聚甲醛）
典型应用范围:
POM具有很低的摩擦系数和很好的几何稳定性，特别适合于制作齿轮和轴承。由于它还具有
耐高温特性，因此还用于管道器件（管道阀门、泵壳体），草坪设备等。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：如果材料储存在干燥环境中，通常不需要干燥处理。
熔化温度：均聚物材料为190~230C；共聚物材料为190~210C。
模具温度：80~105C。为了减小成型后收缩率可选用高一些的模具温度。
注射压力：700~1200bar
注射速度：中等或偏高的注射速度。
流道和浇口:
可以使用任何类型的浇口。如果使用隧道形浇口，则最好使用较短的类型。对于均聚物材料
建议使用热注嘴流道。对于共聚物材料既可使用内部的热流道也可使用外部热流道。
化学和物理特性:
POM是一种坚韧有弹性的材料，即使在低温下仍有很好的抗蠕变特性、几何稳定性和抗冲击
特性。POM既有均聚物材料也有共聚物材料。均聚物材料具有很好的延展强度、抗疲劳强度，但不易于加工。共聚物材料有很好的热稳定性、化学稳定性并且易于加工。无论均聚物材料还是共聚物材料，都是结晶性材料并且不易吸收水分。
POM的高结晶程度导致它有相当高的收缩率，可高达到2%~3.5%。对于各种不同的增强型材料有不同的收缩率。
PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 类别名:
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（信号灯设备、仪表盘等），医药行业（储血容器等），工业应用（影碟、灯光散射器)，日用消费品（饮料杯、文具等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PMMA具有吸湿性因此加工前的干燥处理是必须的。建议干燥条件为90C、2~4小时。
熔化温度：240~270C。
模具温度：35~70C。
注射速度：中等
化学和物理特性:
PMMA具有优良的光学特性及耐气侯变化特性。白光的穿透性高达92%。PMMA制品具有很低的双折射，特别适合制作影碟等。
PMMA具有室温蠕变特性。随着负荷加大、时间增长，可导致应力开裂现象。PMMA具有较好的抗冲击特性。
PMMA Generic Class
PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate)
Typical Applications
Automotive (signal light devices, instrument panels, etc.), medical (blood cuvettes, etc.), industrial (video discs, lighting diffusers, display shelving, etc.), consumer (drinking tumblers, stationery accessories, etc.)
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
PMMA is hygroscopic and must be dried prior to molding. Drying at 90 C (194 F) for 2-4 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature
240 - 280 C (460 - 536 F)
Mold Temperature
35 - 80 C (90 - 176 F)
Injection Speed
Moderate
Chemical and Physical Properties
Pellets for injection molding are made either by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate followed by extrusion and pelletization or by polymerization in an extruder. Formulations vary by molecular weight and physical properties such as flow rate, heat resistance, and toughness. Higher molecular weight grades are tougher than lower molecular weight grades. High flow formulations are generally preferred for molding.
Heat deflection temperature under load varies from 75 C (167 F) for high flow materials to 100 C (212 F) for low flow (high molecular weight) materials.
PMMA has excellent optical properties and weatherability. The white light transmittance is as high as 92%. Molded parts can have very low birefringence which makes it ideally suited as a material for video discs.
PMMA exhibits room temperature creep. The initial tensile strength is high but under long term, high stress loading, it exhibits stress craze. Impact strength is good but it does show some notch sensitivity.
Major Manufacturers
Cyro Industries, Atohaas (Plexiglas), BASF, Mitsubishi Rayon.
PEI 聚乙醚
典型应用范围:
汽车工业（发动机配件如温度传感器、燃料和空气处理器等），电器及电子设备（电气联结器、印刷电路板、芯片外壳、防爆盒等），产品包装，飞机内部设备，医药行业（外科器械、工具壳体、非植入器械）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PEI具有吸湿特性并可导致材料降解。要求湿度值应小于0.02%。建议干燥条件为150C、4小时的干燥处理。
熔化温度：普通类型材料为340~400C；增强类型材料为340~415C。
模具温度：107~175C，建议模具温度为140C。
注射压力：700~1500bar。
注射速度：使用尽可能高的注射速度。
化学和物理特性:
PEI具有很强的高温稳定性，既使是非增强型的PEI，仍具有很好的韧性和强度。因此利用PEI优越的热稳定性可用来制作高温耐热器件。PEI还有良好的阻燃性、抗化学反应以及电绝缘特性。
玻璃化转化温度很高，达215C。PEI还具有很低的收缩率及良好的等方向机械特性。
PC/ABS 聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和混合物
典型应用范围:计算机和商业机器的壳体、电器设备、草坪和园艺机器、汽车零件（仪表板、内部装修以及车轮盖）。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：加工前的干燥处理是必须的。湿度应小于0.04%，建议干燥条件为90~110C，2~4小时。熔化温度： 230~300C。模具温度：50~100C。注射压力：取决于塑件。注射速度：尽可能地高。化学和物理特性:PC/ABS具有PC和ABS两者的综合特性。例如ABS的易加工特性和PC的优良机械特性和热稳定性。二者的比率将影响PC/ABS材料的热稳定性。PC/ABS这种混合材料还显示了优异的流动特性。
PC 聚碳酸酯
典型应用范围:
电气和商业设备（计算机元件、连接器等），器具（食品加工机、电冰箱抽屉等），交通运输行业（车辆的前后灯、仪表板等）。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：PC材料具有吸湿性，加工前的干燥很重要。建议干燥条件为100C到200C，3~4小时。加工前的湿度必须小于0.02%。熔化温度：260~340C。模具温度：70~120C。注射压力：尽可能地使用高注射压力。注射速度：对于较小的浇口使用低速注射，对其它类型的浇口使用高速注射。
化学和物理特性:
PC是一种非晶体工程材料，具有特别好的抗冲击强度、热稳定性、光泽度、抑制细菌特性、阻燃特性以及抗污染性。PC的缺口伊估德冲击强度（otched Izod impact stregth）非常高，并且收缩率很低，一般为0.1%~0.2%。PC有很好的机械特性，但流动特性较差，因此这种材料的注塑过程较困难。在选用何种品质的 PC材料时，要以产品的最终期望为基准。如果塑件要求有较高的抗冲击性，那么就使用低流动率的PC材料；反之，可以使用高流动率的PC材料，这样可以优化注塑过程。
PC Generic Class PC (Polycarbonate)
Typical Applications
Electronic and business equipment (computer parts, connectors, etc.), appliances (food processors, refrigerator drawers, etc.), transportation (head lights, tail lights, instrument panels, etc.).
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying
PC resins are hygroscopic and pre-drying is important. Recommended drying conditions are 100 - 120 C (212 - 248 F) for 3 to 4 hours. Moisture content must be less than 0.02% prior to processing.
Melt Temperature
260 - 340 C (500 - 644 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Mold Temperature
70 - 120 C (158 - 248 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Fill Pressure
As high as possible for rapid molding
Injection Speed
Slow injection speeds when small or edge gates are used; high speeds for other types of gates
Chemical and Physical Properties
Polycarbonate is a polyester of carbonic acid. All general-purpose polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A. The bisphenol A component of the molecule contributes to the high glass transition temperature (150 C / 302 F). The rotational mobility of the carbonyl group within the molecule contributes to the high ductility and toughness of the resin.
PC is an amorphous engineering resin with exceptionally good impact strength, heat resistance, clarity, sterilizability, flame retardancy, and stain resistance. The notched Izod impact strength of PC is very high and mold shrinkage is low and consistent (.1 -.2 mm/mm).
High molecular weight PCs (which translate to low melt flow rate) have higher mechanical properties, but processibility of such resins becomes difficult. The type of PC chosen for a particular application should be based on the desired criteria (for high impact properties, use a low-MFR PC; conversely, for optimal processibility, use a high-MFR PC).
The melt viscosities are typically Newtonian up to shear rates of 1000 1/s and decrease beyond that. The Heat Deflection Temperature Under Load is typically between 130 -140 C (266 - 284 F) and the Vicat Softening Point is typically around 155 C (311 F).
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Caliber), GE Plastics (Lexan), Bayer (Apec, Macrolon), DSM (Xantar), LNP (Lurbricomp, Thermocomp), Mitsubushi Engineering Plastics (Novarex), Teijin Chemical (Panlite).
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