charts (e.g. X –R, P-charts, etc.), so named after the pioneering work of Dr. Walter Shewhart1. 为了监控一个过程，品质人员经常使用休哈特控制图（比如X-R，P图等），这种图是因为Walter Shewhart1博士的先驱工作而得名的。 It can be shown that if there are sharp, intermittent changes to a process, these types of charts are highly effective. However, if one is interested in a small, sustained shift in a process, other types of control charts may be preferred, for example the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) chart, originally developed by Page2 (1954). With exponential increases, an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart may be appropriate; for an example see Bower3 (2000). 可以看出如果过程中有剧烈的持续的变化发生时，这些类型的图是非常有效的。然而，如果需要对过程中存在的细小、固定的偏移进行监控时，或许可以优先考虑其它类型的控制图，比如累积和（CUSUM）图，最初是由Page2（1954）提出的。通过增加指数的处理方法，一种指数加权移动平均（EWMA）图可能是更加合适的；具体例子参见Bower3 (2000)
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