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英语足球术语

英语足球术语,FREE KICK:任意球(英式足球), TRY 进球(橄榄球)。下面英文详细术语,来自外语角论坛。

Advantage rule:
a clause in the rules that directs the referee to refrain from stopping play for a foul if a stoppage would benefit the team that committed the violation.

Advantages:
situations where a team has possession of the ball and outnumbers the opposition near the opposing goal.

American football:
a term used by non-Americans to distinguish the popular U.S. sport of football from soccer which they also call football.

APSL:
American Professional Soccer League — the nation''''s only outdoor professional soccer league since 1991, consisting of 8 teams in the U.S. and Canada (expanding to 12 by 1995).

Assist:
the pass or passes which immediately precede a goal; a maximum of two assists can be credited for one goal.

Attacking midfielder:
the most forward-playing midfielder, playing right behind the forwards; he supports the offense by providing passes to forwards to set up goals.

Attacker:
any player on the team that has possession of the ball.

Attacking team:
the team that has possession of the ball.

AYSO:
American Youth Soccer Organization — an administrative body of youth soccer which sets rules and provides information and equipment to youth league referees, coaches and players.

Back:
a defender.

Back header:
a player''''s use of his head to direct the ball backwards.

Back tackle:
an attempt by a defender to take the ball away from a ball carrier by swinging the defender''''s leg in front of the ball from behind.

Ball carrier:
a player that has possession of the ball.

Banana kick:
a type of kick that gives the ball a curved trajectory; used to get the ball around an obstacle such as a goaltender or defender.

Beat:
to get the ball through or around an opponent by dribbling or shooting.

Behind the defender:
the area between a defender and his goal.

Bicycle kick:
when a player kicks the ball in mid-air backwards and over his own head, usually making contact above waist level; an acrobatic shot.

Break:
when a team quickly advances the ball down the field in an attempt to get its players near the opponent''''s goal before the defenders have a chance to retreat; also called an advantage.

Breakaway:
when an attacker with the ball approaches the goal undefended; this exciting play pits a sole attacker against the goalkeeper in a one-on-one showdown.

Bundesliga:
The German professional soccer league.

Cap:
a recognition earned by a player for each appearance in an international game for his country.

Carrying the ball:
a foul called on a goalkeeper when he takes more than 4 steps while holding or bouncing the ball.

Caution:
see Yellow card.

Center:
a pass from a player located near the sideline towards the middle of the field; used to get the ball closer to the front of the goal; also called a cross.

Center circle:
a circular marking with a 10-yard radius in the center of the field from which kickoffs are taken to start or restart the game.

Center line:
see Midfield line.

Center spot:
a small circular mark inside the center circle that denotes the center of the field from which kickoffs are taken to start or restart the game.

Central defender:
a player who guards the area directly in front of his own goal in a zone defense; does not exist in a man-to-man defense.

Charge:
to run into an opponent; legal if done from the front or side of the ball carrier; illegal against a player without the ball or from behind.

Chest trap:
when a player uses his chest to slow down and control a ball in the air.

Chip pass:
a pass lofted into the air from a player to a teammate; used primarily to evade a defender by kicking the ball over his head.

Chip shot:
a kick lofted into the air to try to sail the ball over the goalkeeper''''s head and still make it under the crossbar into the goal.

Clear:
to kick the ball away from one''''s goal.

Cleats:
the metal, plastic or rubber points in the bottom of a soccer shoe used to provide a player with traction; term also used to refer to the shoes themselves.

Club:
a team that plays in a league.

CONCACAF:
The Confederation Norte-Centroamericana y Del Caribe de Footbal — the regional organization of North American and Central American soccer under which World Cup qualifying matches are played; member countries include the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Central American and Caribbean countries.

Consolation match:
a tournament game played between the losers of the 2 semifinal matches to determine the third-place team.

Corner arc:
a quarter-circle with a radius of 1 yard located at each of the 4 corners of the field; on a corner kick, the ball must be kicked from inside this arc.

Corner area:
see Corner arc.

Corner flag:
the flag located at each of the 4 corners of the field, inside the corner area.

Corner kick: (角球)
a type of restart where the ball is kicked from the corner arc in an attempt to score; awarded to an attacking team when the ball crosses the goal line last touched by the defending team.

Counterattack: (反攻)
an attack launched by a defending team soon after it regains possession of the ball.

Creating space:
when a player from the attacking team moves without the ball to draw defenders away from the ball carrier and give him space.

Cross or crossing pass:
a pass from an attacking player near the sideline to a teammate in the middle or opposite side of the field; used to give the teammate a good scoring opportunity.

Crossbar:
the horizontal beam that forms the top of a goal and sits on top of the two posts; it is 24 feet long and supported 8 feet above the ground.

Cut down the angle:
when the goalie comes out of the goal several feet to make himself closer and larger to an attacker, leaving the attacker less net to shoot at.

Cut off:
when a defensive player keeps his body between an attacker and the defender''''s goal, forcing the attacker out towards the sidelines.

Dangerous play:
when a player attempts a play that the referee considers dangerous to that player or others, such as trying to kick the ball out of the goalie''''s hands, even if no contact is made.

Defenders:
the players on the team that does not have possession of the ball.

Defending team:
the team that does not have possession of the ball.
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Defense: (防守)
a team''''s function of preventing the opposition from scoring.

Defensemen:
the 3 or 4 players on a team whose primary task is to stop the opposition from scoring; also called fullbacks.

Defensive midfielder:
the player positioned just in front of his team''''s defense; he is often assigned to mark the opposition''''s best offensive player; also called the midfield anchor.

Defensive pressure:
when one or more defenders closely mark a ball carrier to harass him into losing the ball.

Deflection:
the ricochet of a ball after it hits a player.

Direct free kick:
a kick awarded to a player for a serious foul committed by the opposition; the player kicks a stationary ball with no opposing players within 10 yards of him; a goal can be scored directly from this kick without the ball touching another player.

Diving header:
a ball struck near ground level by the head of a diving player.

Draw: (平)
a game that ends with a tied score.

The Draw:
the selection of World Cup teams to place them into playing groups for the tournament and the event surrounding this selection.

Dribbler:
a player who advances the ball while controlling it with his feet.

Dribbling: (带球)
the basic skill of advancing the ball with the feet while controlling it.

Drop ball:
a method of restarting a game where the referee drops the ball between 2 players facing each other.

Drop kick:
when a goalie drops the ball from his hands and kicks it just after it hits the ground.

Endline:
see Goal line.

English Football Association:
an association of English soccer teams founded in 1863 to set soccer rules.

European Cup:
the championship tournament played between Europe''''s top national teams.

F.A.:
Football Association; often used to refer to the English Football Association, who, along with FIFA and other football associations, helps maintain the rules of soccer.

Fake or feint:
a move by a player meant to deceive an opposing player; used by a ball carrier to make a defender think the ball carrier is going to dribble, pass or shoot in a certain direction when he is not.

Far post:
the goalpost furthest from the ball.

Field:
the rectangular area where soccer matches are played.

FIFA:
Federation Internationale de Football Association — the official governing body of international soccer since 1904 which established the World Cup tournament; helps set and revise rules of the game, called the 17 Laws.

FIFA World Cup:
a solid gold statue given to the champion of each World Cup tournament to keep for the next 4 years.

Flick header:
a player''''s use of his head to deflect the ball.

Foot trap:
a player''''s use of his foot to control a rolling or low-bouncing ball.

Football:
name for soccer everywhere except in the U.S.; also, what American''''s call their popular team sport which evolved from soccer and rugby.

Formation: (编队)
the arrangement into positions of players on the field; for example, a 4-3-3 formation places 4 defenders, 3 midfielders and 3 forwards on the field.

Forward line:
the 3 or 4 forwards who work together to try and score goals; consists of two wingers and 1 or 2 strikers.

Forward pass:
a pass made towards the opposition''''s goal.

Forwards: (前卫)
the 3 or 4 players on a team who are responsible for most of a team''''s scoring; they play in front of the rest of their team where they can take most of its shots; strikers and wingers.

Foul: (犯规)
a violation of the rules for which an official assesses a free kick.

4-2-4:
a formation that consists of 4 defenders, 2 midfielders and 4 forwards.

4-3-3:
a formation that consists of 4 defenders, 3 midfielders and 3 forwards; the most common formation used by teams.

4-4-2:
a formation that consists of 4 defenders, 4 midfielders and 2 forwards.

Free kick:
a kick awarded to a player for a foul committed by the opposition; the player kicks a stationary ball without any opposing players within 10 yards of him.

Front header:
the striking of a ball in the air by a player''''s forehead; the most common type of header.

Front tackle:
an attempt by a defender to kick the ball away from an attacker by approaching him from a head-on position.

Fullbacks:
see Defensemen.

Goal:
a ball that crosses the goal line between the goalposts and below the crossbar for which a point is awarded; also, the 8-foot high, 24-foot wide structure consisting of two posts, a crossbar and a net into which all goals are scored.

Goal area:
the rectangular area 20 yards wide by 6 yards deep in front of each goal from which all goal kicks are taken; inside this area, it is illegal for opposing players to charge a goalie not holding the ball.

Goal kick:
a type of restart where the ball is kicked from inside the goal area away from the goal; awarded to the defending team when a ball that crossed the goal line was last touched by a player on the attacking team.

Goal line:
the field boundary running along its width at each end; also called the end line; runs right across the front of the goal; the line which a ball must completely cross for a goal to be scored.

Goalie:
see Goalkeeper.

Goalkeeper:
the player positioned directly in front of the goal who tries to prevent shots from getting into the net behind him; the only player allowed to use his hands and arms, though only within the penalty area.

Goalmouth:
the front opening to each goal.

Goalposts:
the two vertical beams located 24 feet apart which extend 8 feet high to form the sides of a goal and support the crossbar.

Hacking:
kicking an opponent''''s legs.

Halfback:
see Midfielder.

Halftime: (半场)
the intermission between the 2 periods or halves of a game.

Halves:
see Periods.

Hand ball: (手球)
a foul where a player touches the ball with his hand or arm; the opposing team is awarded a direct free kick.

Hat trick:
3 or more goals scored in a game by a single player.

Header:
the striking of a ball in the air by a player''''s head.

Hook:
the curved trajectory of a ball due to spin imparted on it by a kicker, such as in a banana kick.

IFAB:
International Football Association Board — the organization consisting of 4 British soccer organizations and FIFA that approves all changes in the official international rules of soccer called the 17 Laws.

In bounds:
when a ball is within the boundaries of the field, having not completely crossed a sideline or goal line.

In play:
when a ball is within the boundaries of the field and play has not been stopped by the referee.

Indirect free kick:
a kick awarded to a player for a less-serious foul committed by the opposition; the player kicks a stationary ball without any opposing players within 10 yards of him; a goal can only be scored on this kick after the ball has touched another player.

Injury time:
time added to the end of any period according to the referee''''s judgment of time lost due to player injuries or intentional stalling by a team.

Instep drive:
a straight shot taken with the instep of a player''''s foot; usually the most powerful and accurate of shots.

Intermission:
the 5-minute rest period between periods of a game.

Juggling:
keeping a ball in the air with any part of the body besides the hands or arms; used for practice and developing coordination.

Jules Rimet Trophy:
the trophy given to the World Cup winner between 1930 and 1970, after which it was permanently retired.

Kickoff: (开球)
the method of starting a game or restarting it after each goal; a player passes the ball forward to a teammate from the center spot.

Laws of the Game:
the 17 main rules for soccer established by FIFA.

Lead pass:
a pass sent ahead of a moving teammate to arrive at a location at the same time he does.

League:
an alliance of teams that organizes sporting competition.

Linesmen:
the 2 officials who assist the referee in making his decisions; they monitor the sidelines and goal lines to determine when a ball goes out of bounds and they carry a flag to signal their observations.

Linkmen:
see Midfielders.

Loft or lob:
a high-arcing kick.

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