语法要点（Main points）

语法要点（Main points）
1) Simple sentences have one clause.
简单句只包含一个句子。
2) Clauses usually consists of a noun group as the subject, and a verb group.
句子通常是由名词短语做主语，动词短语做谓语。
3) Clauses can also have another noun group as the object or complement.
名词短语还可构成句子的宾语或表语。
4) Clauses can have an adverbial, also called an adjunct.ss
句子还可用状语，或称修饰语。
5) Changing the order of the words in a clause can change its meaning.
改变句中词语的顺序可改变句子的意思。
6) Compound sentences consist of two or more main clauses. Complex sentences always include a subordinate clause,
as well as one or more main clauses.
并列句包含两个或两个以上的分句。复合句则包含一个以上的从句和主句。
语法透析
) A simple sentence has one clause, beginning with a noun group called the subject. The subject is the person
or thing that the sentence is about. This is followed by a verb group, which tells you what the subject is doing,
or describes the subject’s situation.
简单句包含一个句子，由名词做主语，是与句子有关的人物或事物，动词做谓语，描述主语的行为或状态。
例如：1）The girl screamed. 那女孩惊叫起来。
2) The verb group may be followed by another noun group, which is called the object. The object is the person or
thing affected by the action or situation.
谓语动词后面可跟名词短语构成宾语，宾语是主语动作的承受者或状态的结果。
例如：1） He opened the car door. 他打开车门。
2）She married a young engineer. 她嫁给一个年轻的工程师。
3) After link verbs like “be”, “become”, “feel” and “seem”, the verb group may be followed by a noun group or an
adjective, called a complement. The complement tells you more about the subject.
系动词如“be” “become” “fell” “seem”后面可跟名词短语或形容词构成表语，表语是对主语的补充说明。
例如：1）She was a doctor. 她曾是个医生。
2）He was angry. 他生气了。
4) The verb group, the object, or the complement can be followed by an adverb or a prepositional phrase, called an
adverbial. The adverbial tells you more about the action or situation, for example how, when, or where it happens.
Adverbials are also called adjuncts.
谓语动词，宾语或表语都可跟副词或介词短语，构成状语，补充说明行为或状态，例如方式，时间和地点。
状语也称修饰语。
例如：1）They shouted loudly. 他们大声喊叫。
2）He was a policeman in Birmingham. 他曾在伯明翰当警察。
5) The word order of a clause is different when the clause is a statement, a question, or a command.
陈述句，疑问句和祈使句的语序各不相同。
例如：1）He speaks English very well. (statement) 他讲英语很流利。（陈述）
2）Did she win at the Olympics? (question) 她在奥运会比赛中赢了没有？（疑问）
3）Stop her. (command) 阻止她。（命令）
Note that the subject is omitted in commands, so the verb comes first.
请留意在祈使句中主语省略，谓语动词前置。
6) A compound sentence has two or more main clauses: that is, clauses which are equally important. You join then
with “and”, “but”, or “or”.
并列句包含两个或两个以上分句，各分句同等重要，互不依从，用并列连词“and” “but” “or”连接。
例如：1）He met Jane at the station and went shopping. 他在车站遇到简，然后去购物。
2）You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来，或者过一会在那里跟我们碰面。
Note that the order of the two clauses can change the meaning of the sentence.
请留意分句顺序的改变可能改变句子的意思。
3）He went shopping and met Jane at the station. 他去购物，然后在车站碰到简。
If the subject of both clauses is the same, you usually omit the subject in the second clause.
如果两个分句主语相同，通常可以省略第二分句的主语。